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  1. Markets flourished in Africa before colonialism, and wherever they are repressed the result is social immiseration, as economist William Hutt points out in his groundbreaking study of him, The Economics of the Color Bar. Pre-colonial African merchants organized large-scale trade networks that spanned several regions.

    The Long History of Trade and Markets in Africa - GTIPA

    www.gtipa.org/publications/2022/02/10/long-history-trade-and-markets-africa
    www.gtipa.org/publications/2022/02/10/long-history-trade-and-markets-africa
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  2. 他の人はこちらも質問
    Who were the market Queens in ancient Africa?
    Women are mainly retailers and market women; some however dictate the supply and pricing of the produce trade, and these are called the “market queens.” On the contrary, in Ancient Africa, it was men who traveled across the continent to trade due to the hazards, rigorousness, and the distance involved.

    Trade, Routes Trade, and Commerce in Pre-colonial Africa

    link.springer.com
    Why is Africa important?
    Africa’s fresh water, sea, and land facilitated movement for the exploration of natural resources and trade with each other and with foreigners. For example, Timbuktu, a very ancient trading center which still exists in Mali, connected three of the most significant trade routes of the Sahara because of its location on the bend of the river Niger.

    Trade, Routes Trade, and Commerce in Pre-colonial Africa

    link.springer.com
    How did a trading center work in East Africa?
    Islamized East African trading towns such as Kilwa (c. 1100–1600 ce) had coinage systems that greased trade and exchange. These few examples suggest that the archaeology of known trading centers is essential for throwing light on materials that were traded and exchanged in various directions in numerous parts of Africa.

    Documenting Precolonial Trade in Africa | Oxford Research Encyclopedia

    oxfordre.com
    Is Africa a potential market and trade partner?
    as a potential market and trade partner in world trade. Berry (1999) criticized the enormous economic activities of giant corporations and imperial forces that have taken over the global trade and commerce for becoming more powerful than some sovereignties and which seem to be suppressing Africa’s market sys-tem to the bottom of th

    Trade, Routes Trade, and Commerce in Pre-colonial Africa - Springer

    link.springer.com
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  3. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Social Work
    https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/dis…

    Documenting Precolonial Trade in Africa - Oxford …

    ウェブFrom 10,000 years ago onward, communities in the Sahara and the Nile Valley were involved in trade and exchange, and by 5000 bce had acquired domestic animals from Asia. Aksum (c. 200–800 ce) and Roman and post-Roman North Africa (c. 146 bce to post- 340 ce) used coinage as …

    タグ:
    Encyclopedia of African History
    Sahara
     
  4. Springer
    https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030...

    Trade, Routes Trade, and Commerce in Pre-colonial Africa ...

    タグ:
    Alberta O. Akrong
    Publish Year:2019
    African Trade Routes

  5. Ancient Marketplaces in Africaの画像

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  6. Cambridge University Press & Assessment
    https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/urbanisation-and...

    17 - The Early Islamic Trans-Saharan Market Towns of West ...

    タグ:
    West Africa
    Urbanization
  7. Cambridge University Press & Assessment
    https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/organization-of...

    Nine - On Markets and Marketplaces - Cambridge University ...

    タグ:
    Ancient history
    Author:Kenneth Hirth
    Publish Year:2020
    The Organization
  8. JSTOR
    https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt46nvsr

    Archaeological Approaches to Market Exchange in Ancient ...

    タグ:
    Ancient Civilizations
    Archaeology
  9. OpenStax
    https://openstax.org/books/world-history-volume-2/pages/...

    3.1 The Roots of African Trade - OpenStax

    タグ:
    World history
    The Roots
  10. Springer
    https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-030...
    [PDF]

    Trade, Routes Trade, and Commerce in Pre-colonial Africa ...

    タグ:
    Alberta O. Akrong
    Publish Year:2019
  11. World History Encyclopedia
    https://www.worldhistory.org/collection…

    The Empires of West Africa - World History Encyclopedia

    ウェブ2019年9月27日 · The ancient and medieval Mediterranean might have been a bustling stage of ever-changing empires but, across the inhospitable barrier of the Sahara Desert, West Africans were equally busy building up and toppling down their own kingdoms and empires.

    タグ:
    World history
    History of Africa
    African Empire Located in West Africa
  12. JSTOR
    https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv34kc6ng

    Ancient Africa: A Global History, to 300 CE on JSTOR

    タグ:
    World history
    Ancient history
    History of Africa
    Christopher Ehret
  13. The Metropolitan Museum of Art
    https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/c…

    Trade and Commercial Activity in the Byzantine and …

    ウェブIn some instances, the early Islamic period witnessed the construction of new marketplaces, as in Baisan (Beth Shean, Scythopolis) in the early Umayyad period. An impressive blue and gold wall mosaic there names the caliph Hisham as the market’s patron and the date 120 A.H./737–87 …

    タグ:
    Byzantine and Islamic Art Period
    Byzantine Influence On Islamic Art
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