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  1. History

    Historians Robert Friedel and Paul Israel list inventors of incandescent lamps prior to Joseph Swan and
    Historian … See more

    Incandescent light bulb - Wikipedia

    • An incandescent light bulb, incandescent lamp or incandescent light globe is an electric light with a filament that is heated until it glows. The filament is enclosed in a glass bulb that is either evacuated or filled with inert gas to protect the filament from oxidation. Electric current is supplied to the filament by terminals or wires embedded in the glass. A bulb … See more

    Efficacy and efficiency

    Less than 5% of the power consumed by a typical incandescent light bulb is converted into visible light, with most of the rest being emitted as invisible infrared radiation. Light bulbs are rated by their luminous efficacy, which is the … See more

    Construction

    Incandescent light bulbs consist of an air-tight glass enclosure (the envelope, or bulb) with a filament of tungsten wire inside the bulb, through which an electric current is passed. Contact wires and a base with two (or more) co… See more

    Manufacturing

    Early bulbs were laboriously assembled by hand. After automatic machinery was developed, the cost of bulbs fell. Until 1910, when Libbey's Westlake machine went into production, bulbs were generally produced by a team o… See more

    Filament

    Carbon has the highest melting point of any element, and in carbon arc lamps it had been demonstrated to produce incandescence fairly close to that of sunlight. However, carbon has a tendency to … See more

    Electrical characteristics

    Incandescent lamps are nearly pure resistive loads with a power factor of 1. Unlike discharge lamps or LED lamps, the power consumed is equal to the apparent power in the circuit. Incandescent light bulbs are us… See more

    Physical characteristics

    The filament in a tungsten light bulb is not easy to break when the bulb is cold, but filaments are more vulnerable when they are hot because the incandescent metal is less rigid. An impact on the outside of the bulb may ca… See more

     
  1. Tungsten

    The filament inside the bulb is where the actual light is produced. It is made of a long and coiled material that is a good conductor of electricity, such as tungsten. Sometimes, the inside of the bulb is also filled with an inert gas, like argon. Inert gases help in slowing the process of tungsten filaments wearing out.
    www.scienceabc.com/pure-sciences/how-does-a-light-bulb-work-working-principle.html
    www.scienceabc.com/pure-sciences/how-does-a-light-bulb-work-working-princip…
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  3. Bulb Filament Material: What You Need to Know | Electrical4U