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  1. Nitration happens when one (or more) of the hydrogen atoms on the benzene ring is replaced by a nitro group, NO 2. Benzene is treated with a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid at a temperature not exceeding 50°C. The mixture is held at this temperature for about half an hour. Yellow oily nitrobenzene is formed.
    chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistr…
    Nitrobenzene is produced by reacting benzene with a mixture of nitric acid and sulphuric acid at a temperature not exceeding 50°C, to avoid getting more than one nitro group. The mixture is held at this temperature for about half an hour. The sulphuric acid is acting as a catalyst. Yellow oilly nitrobenzene is formed.
    iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/172/…
     
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