Goiter can often be asymptomatic, especially in mild cases. Symptoms, when present, depend on the underlying cause. However, there are some common symptoms

• Visible swelling or enlargement at the base of neck
• A tight or suffocating feeling in throat
• Coughing
• Hoarseness
• Difficulty while swallowing
• Difficulty in breathing (in severe cases)

If the cause is hyperthyroidism, the following symptoms are seen

• Nervousness
• Palpitations
• Hyperactivity
• Increased sweating
• Heat hypersensitivity
• Increased appetite
• Weight loss
• Fatigue
• Hair loss

If the cause is hypothyroidism, these symptoms are seen

• Cold intolerance
• Forgetfulness
• Personality changes
• Hair loss
• Weight gain

Common tests & procedures

Physical examination: Physical examination of swelling.

Thyroid function tests (TFTs): A blood test to check the secretion level of thyroid hormones.

Antibody test: To check abnormal production of antibodies.

Ultrasound: To identify the size of the thyroid gland and to check for any abnormal growths.

Thyroid biopsy: Sample tissue from the thyroid is collected for further analysis.